PART A Programs
Program 1
Program 2
Program 3
Program 4
Program 5
Program 6
Part B Programs
Program 7
Program 8
Program 9
Program 10
Program 11
Program 12
Viva Questions
1.
What are functions of different layers?
2.
Differentiate between TCP/IP Layers and OSI Layers
3.
Why header is required?
4.
What is the use of adding header and trailer to frames?
5.
What is encapsulation?
6.
Why fragmentation requires?
7.
What is MTU?
8.
Which layer imposes MTU?
9.
Differentiate between flow control and congestion control.
10. Differentiate
between Point-to-Point Connection and End-to-End connections.
11. What are
protocols running in different layers?
12. What is
Protocol Stack?
13. Differentiate
between TCP and UDP.
14. Differentiate
between Connectionless and connection oriented connection.
15. Why frame
sorting is required?
16. What is
meant by subnet?
17. What is
meant by Gateway?
18. What is an
IP address?
19. What is MAC
address?
20. Why IP address
is required when we have MAC address?
21. What is
meant by port?
22. What are
ephemerical port number and well known port numbers?
23. What is a
socket?
24. What are the
parameters of socket()?
25. Describe
bind(), listen(), accept(),connect(), send() and recv().
26. What are
system calls? Mention few of them.
27. What is IPC?
Name three techniques.
28. Explain
mkfifo(), open(), close() with parameters.
29. What is
meant by file descriptor?
30. What is
meant by traffic shaping?
31. How do you
classify congestion control algorithms?
32. Differentiate
between Leaky bucket and Token bucket.
33. How do you
implement Leaky bucket?
34. How do you
generate busty traffic?
35. What is the
polynomial used in CRC-CCITT?
36. What are the
other error detection algorithms?
37. What is
difference between CRC and Hamming code?
38. Why Hamming
code is called 7,4 code?
39. What is odd
parity and even parity?
40. What is
meant by syndrome?
41. What is
generator matrix?
42. What is
spanning tree?
43. Where Pirm’s
algorithm does finds its use in Networks?
44. Differentiate
between Prim’s and Kruskal’s algorithm.
45. What are
Routing algorithms?
46. How do you
classify routing algorithms? Give examples for each.
47. What are
drawbacks in distance vector algorithm?
48. How routers
update distances to each of its neighbor?
49. How do you
overcome count to infinity problem?
50. What is
cryptography?
51. How do you
classify cryptographic algorithms?
52. What is
public key?
53. What is
private key?
54. What are
key, ciphertext and plaintext?
55. What is
simulation?
56. What are
advantages of simulation?
57. Differentiate
between Simulation and Emulation.
58. What is
meant by router?
59. What is
meant by bridge?
60. What is
meant by switch?
61. What is
meant by hub?
62. Differentiate
between route, bridge, switch and hub.
63. What is ping
and telnet?
64. What is FTP?
65. What is BER?
66. What is
meant by congestion window?
67. What is BSS?
68. What is
incoming throughput and outgoing throughput?
69. What is
collision?
70. How do you
generate multiple traffics across different sender-receiver pairs?
71. How do you
setup Ethernet LAN?
72. What is
meant by mobile host?
73. What is
meant by NCTUns?
74. What are
dispatcher, coordinator and nctunsclient?
75. Name few
other Network simulators
76. Differentiate
between logical and physical address.
77. Which
address gets affected if a system moves from one place to another place?
78. What is
ICMP? What are uses of ICMP? Name few.
79. Which layer implements security for data?
Guidelines For installation of NCTUns Network Simulator
· Follow the
following steps carefully,
· Please don't
skip any steps that have been mentioned below
1. Install any
Linux with kernel 2.6.9 (PCQ Linux 2004 is exception)
Recommended → RED HAT
LINUX ENTERPRISE EDITION
2. After
installation Boot into Linux as root.
3. Copy the
.tgz installation file of NCTUns that you got from college to the folder /bin/local
Please don't change any folder name in this folder
that is created after unzipping the above file. Don’t even change the Case of
the folder that is created
4. Now unzip
the .tgz file by opening the terminal and changing the directory to /bin/local
by the command :-
[root@localhost ~] cd /bin/local
To unzip use the following command:-
[root@localhost local] tar xvzf [the file name].tar
(Note there is no '-' before xvzf)
This will create a folder called NCTUns in the
directory /bin/local...
5. Now disable
the Secure Linux option by running the following command :-
[root@localhost local] vi
/etc/selinux/config
When the file opens, there is a line similar to --
SELINUX=enforcing
Change the "enforcing" to "disabled"
(Note without quotes)
6. From the
directory /bin/local change the current working directory to NCTUns
by following command :-
[root@localhost local] cd NCTUns
7. Now from
here execute the installation shell script that will do the required
compilations and settings for you:-
[root@localhost local]
./install.sh
During this part it will ask for installation of
tunnel files. Please type yes and Enter to continue
8. If the
installation is successful, it will display the success message at the end. Now
restart your computer. You will find a new entry in GRUB Menu "NCTUns
kernel login". Boot into Linux using this entry.
9. Log in as root.
Now you have to modify any .bash_profile file
[root@localhost ~] vi
.bash_profile
The Content of file should look like as follows.
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and function
if [ -t ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specified environment variables and startup
programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/nctuns/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/nctuns/lib
export NCTUNSHOME=/usr/local/nctuns
export PATH
export USERNAME
If it’s not like above, change it to look like
above.
10. Now save this file and log off
and then log on again.
11. Create another user account.
12. before using simulator, please
execute the following command
[root@localhost ~] iptables -F
13. Run the simulator using three
commands where each command should be executed in different window.
[root@localhost ~] dispatcher
[root@localhost ~]
nctunsclient
14. In the NCTUns window Settings → Dispatcher. Provide the username and password of
the user account u created in step 11. Then Click OK.
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